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gorilla_mux/mux_test.go

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// Copyright 2012 The Gorilla Authors. All rights reserved.
// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
package mux
import (
"fmt"
"net/http"
"testing"
"github.com/gorilla/context"
)
type routeTest struct {
title string // title of the test
route *Route // the route being tested
request *http.Request // a request to test the route
vars map[string]string // the expected vars of the match
host string // the expected host of the match
path string // the expected path of the match
shouldMatch bool // whether the request is expected to match the route at all
}
func TestHost(t *testing.T) {
// newRequestHost a new request with a method, url, and host header
newRequestHost := func(method, url, host string) *http.Request {
req, err := http.NewRequest(method, url, nil)
if err != nil {
panic(err)
}
req.Host = host
return req
}
tests := []routeTest{
{
title: "Host route match",
route: new(Route).Host("aaa.bbb.ccc"),
request: newRequest("GET", "http://aaa.bbb.ccc/111/222/333"),
vars: map[string]string{},
host: "aaa.bbb.ccc",
path: "",
shouldMatch: true,
},
{
title: "Host route, wrong host in request URL",
route: new(Route).Host("aaa.bbb.ccc"),
request: newRequest("GET", "http://aaa.222.ccc/111/222/333"),
vars: map[string]string{},
host: "aaa.bbb.ccc",
path: "",
shouldMatch: false,
},
{
title: "Host route with port, match",
route: new(Route).Host("aaa.bbb.ccc:1234"),
request: newRequest("GET", "http://aaa.bbb.ccc:1234/111/222/333"),
vars: map[string]string{},
host: "aaa.bbb.ccc:1234",
path: "",
shouldMatch: true,
},
{
title: "Host route with port, wrong port in request URL",
route: new(Route).Host("aaa.bbb.ccc:1234"),
request: newRequest("GET", "http://aaa.bbb.ccc:9999/111/222/333"),
vars: map[string]string{},
host: "aaa.bbb.ccc:1234",
path: "",
shouldMatch: false,
},
{
title: "Host route, match with host in request header",
route: new(Route).Host("aaa.bbb.ccc"),
request: newRequestHost("GET", "/111/222/333", "aaa.bbb.ccc"),
vars: map[string]string{},
host: "aaa.bbb.ccc",
path: "",
shouldMatch: true,
},
{
title: "Host route, wrong host in request header",
route: new(Route).Host("aaa.bbb.ccc"),
request: newRequestHost("GET", "/111/222/333", "aaa.222.ccc"),
vars: map[string]string{},
host: "aaa.bbb.ccc",
path: "",
shouldMatch: false,
},
// BUG {new(Route).Host("aaa.bbb.ccc:1234"), newRequestHost("GET", "/111/222/333", "aaa.bbb.ccc:1234"), map[string]string{}, "aaa.bbb.ccc:1234", "", true},
{
title: "Host route with port, wrong host in request header",
route: new(Route).Host("aaa.bbb.ccc:1234"),
request: newRequestHost("GET", "/111/222/333", "aaa.bbb.ccc:9999"),
vars: map[string]string{},
host: "aaa.bbb.ccc:1234",
path: "",
shouldMatch: false,
},
{
title: "Host route with pattern, match",
route: new(Route).Host("aaa.{v1:[a-z]{3}}.ccc"),
request: newRequest("GET", "http://aaa.bbb.ccc/111/222/333"),
vars: map[string]string{"v1": "bbb"},
host: "aaa.bbb.ccc",
path: "",
shouldMatch: true,
},
{
title: "Host route with pattern, wrong host in request URL",
route: new(Route).Host("aaa.{v1:[a-z]{3}}.ccc"),
request: newRequest("GET", "http://aaa.222.ccc/111/222/333"),
vars: map[string]string{"v1": "bbb"},
host: "aaa.bbb.ccc",
path: "",
shouldMatch: false,
},
{
title: "Host route with multiple patterns, match",
route: new(Route).Host("{v1:[a-z]{3}}.{v2:[a-z]{3}}.{v3:[a-z]{3}}"),
request: newRequest("GET", "http://aaa.bbb.ccc/111/222/333"),
vars: map[string]string{"v1": "aaa", "v2": "bbb", "v3": "ccc"},
host: "aaa.bbb.ccc",
path: "",
shouldMatch: true,
},
{
title: "Host route with multiple patterns, wrong host in request URL",
route: new(Route).Host("{v1:[a-z]{3}}.{v2:[a-z]{3}}.{v3:[a-z]{3}}"),
request: newRequest("GET", "http://aaa.222.ccc/111/222/333"),
vars: map[string]string{"v1": "aaa", "v2": "bbb", "v3": "ccc"},
host: "aaa.bbb.ccc",
path: "",
shouldMatch: false,
},
}
for _, test := range tests {
testRoute(t, test)
}
}
func TestPath(t *testing.T) {
tests := []routeTest{
{
title: "Path route, match",
route: new(Route).Path("/111/222/333"),
request: newRequest("GET", "http://localhost/111/222/333"),
vars: map[string]string{},
host: "",
path: "/111/222/333",
shouldMatch: true,
},
{
title: "Path route, match with trailing slash in request and path",
route: new(Route).Path("/111/"),
request: newRequest("GET", "http://localhost/111/"),
vars: map[string]string{},
host: "",
path: "/111/",
shouldMatch: true,
},
{
title: "Path route, do not match with trailing slash in path",
route: new(Route).Path("/111/"),
request: newRequest("GET", "http://localhost/111"),
vars: map[string]string{},
host: "",
path: "/111",
shouldMatch: false,
},
{
title: "Path route, do not match with trailing slash in request",
route: new(Route).Path("/111"),
request: newRequest("GET", "http://localhost/111/"),
vars: map[string]string{},
host: "",
path: "/111/",
shouldMatch: false,
},
{
title: "Path route, wrong path in request in request URL",
route: new(Route).Path("/111/222/333"),
request: newRequest("GET", "http://localhost/1/2/3"),
vars: map[string]string{},
host: "",
path: "/111/222/333",
shouldMatch: false,
},
{
title: "Path route with pattern, match",
route: new(Route).Path("/111/{v1:[0-9]{3}}/333"),
request: newRequest("GET", "http://localhost/111/222/333"),
vars: map[string]string{"v1": "222"},
host: "",
path: "/111/222/333",
shouldMatch: true,
},
{
title: "Path route with pattern, URL in request does not match",
route: new(Route).Path("/111/{v1:[0-9]{3}}/333"),
request: newRequest("GET", "http://localhost/111/aaa/333"),
vars: map[string]string{"v1": "222"},
host: "",
path: "/111/222/333",
shouldMatch: false,
},
{
title: "Path route with multiple patterns, match",
route: new(Route).Path("/{v1:[0-9]{3}}/{v2:[0-9]{3}}/{v3:[0-9]{3}}"),
request: newRequest("GET", "http://localhost/111/222/333"),
vars: map[string]string{"v1": "111", "v2": "222", "v3": "333"},
host: "",
path: "/111/222/333",
shouldMatch: true,
},
{
title: "Path route with multiple patterns, URL in request does not match",
route: new(Route).Path("/{v1:[0-9]{3}}/{v2:[0-9]{3}}/{v3:[0-9]{3}}"),
request: newRequest("GET", "http://localhost/111/aaa/333"),
vars: map[string]string{"v1": "111", "v2": "222", "v3": "333"},
host: "",
path: "/111/222/333",
shouldMatch: false,
},
}
for _, test := range tests {
testRoute(t, test)
}
}
func TestPathPrefix(t *testing.T) {
tests := []routeTest{
{
title: "PathPrefix route, match",
route: new(Route).PathPrefix("/111"),
request: newRequest("GET", "http://localhost/111/222/333"),
vars: map[string]string{},
host: "",
path: "/111",
shouldMatch: true,
},
{
title: "PathPrefix route, match substring",
route: new(Route).PathPrefix("/1"),
request: newRequest("GET", "http://localhost/111/222/333"),
vars: map[string]string{},
host: "",
path: "/1",
shouldMatch: true,
},
{
title: "PathPrefix route, URL prefix in request does not match",
route: new(Route).PathPrefix("/111"),
request: newRequest("GET", "http://localhost/1/2/3"),
vars: map[string]string{},
host: "",
path: "/111",
shouldMatch: false,
},
{
title: "PathPrefix route with pattern, match",
route: new(Route).PathPrefix("/111/{v1:[0-9]{3}}"),
request: newRequest("GET", "http://localhost/111/222/333"),
vars: map[string]string{"v1": "222"},
host: "",
path: "/111/222",
shouldMatch: true,
},
{
title: "PathPrefix route with pattern, URL prefix in request does not match",
route: new(Route).PathPrefix("/111/{v1:[0-9]{3}}"),
request: newRequest("GET", "http://localhost/111/aaa/333"),
vars: map[string]string{"v1": "222"},
host: "",
path: "/111/222",
shouldMatch: false,
},
{
title: "PathPrefix route with multiple patterns, match",
route: new(Route).PathPrefix("/{v1:[0-9]{3}}/{v2:[0-9]{3}}"),
request: newRequest("GET", "http://localhost/111/222/333"),
vars: map[string]string{"v1": "111", "v2": "222"},
host: "",
path: "/111/222",
shouldMatch: true,
},
{
title: "PathPrefix route with multiple patterns, URL prefix in request does not match",
route: new(Route).PathPrefix("/{v1:[0-9]{3}}/{v2:[0-9]{3}}"),
request: newRequest("GET", "http://localhost/111/aaa/333"),
vars: map[string]string{"v1": "111", "v2": "222"},
host: "",
path: "/111/222",
shouldMatch: false,
},
}
for _, test := range tests {
testRoute(t, test)
}
}
func TestHostPath(t *testing.T) {
tests := []routeTest{
{
title: "Host and Path route, match",
route: new(Route).Host("aaa.bbb.ccc").Path("/111/222/333"),
request: newRequest("GET", "http://aaa.bbb.ccc/111/222/333"),
vars: map[string]string{},
host: "",
path: "",
shouldMatch: true,
},
{
title: "Host and Path route, wrong host in request URL",
route: new(Route).Host("aaa.bbb.ccc").Path("/111/222/333"),
request: newRequest("GET", "http://aaa.222.ccc/111/222/333"),
vars: map[string]string{},
host: "",
path: "",
shouldMatch: false,
},
{
title: "Host and Path route with pattern, match",
route: new(Route).Host("aaa.{v1:[a-z]{3}}.ccc").Path("/111/{v2:[0-9]{3}}/333"),
request: newRequest("GET", "http://aaa.bbb.ccc/111/222/333"),
vars: map[string]string{"v1": "bbb", "v2": "222"},
host: "aaa.bbb.ccc",
path: "/111/222/333",
shouldMatch: true,
},
{
title: "Host and Path route with pattern, URL in request does not match",
route: new(Route).Host("aaa.{v1:[a-z]{3}}.ccc").Path("/111/{v2:[0-9]{3}}/333"),
request: newRequest("GET", "http://aaa.222.ccc/111/222/333"),
vars: map[string]string{"v1": "bbb", "v2": "222"},
host: "aaa.bbb.ccc",
path: "/111/222/333",
shouldMatch: false,
},
{
title: "Host and Path route with multiple patterns, match",
route: new(Route).Host("{v1:[a-z]{3}}.{v2:[a-z]{3}}.{v3:[a-z]{3}}").Path("/{v4:[0-9]{3}}/{v5:[0-9]{3}}/{v6:[0-9]{3}}"),
request: newRequest("GET", "http://aaa.bbb.ccc/111/222/333"),
vars: map[string]string{"v1": "aaa", "v2": "bbb", "v3": "ccc", "v4": "111", "v5": "222", "v6": "333"},
host: "aaa.bbb.ccc",
path: "/111/222/333",
shouldMatch: true,
},
{
title: "Host and Path route with multiple patterns, URL in request does not match",
route: new(Route).Host("{v1:[a-z]{3}}.{v2:[a-z]{3}}.{v3:[a-z]{3}}").Path("/{v4:[0-9]{3}}/{v5:[0-9]{3}}/{v6:[0-9]{3}}"),
request: newRequest("GET", "http://aaa.222.ccc/111/222/333"),
vars: map[string]string{"v1": "aaa", "v2": "bbb", "v3": "ccc", "v4": "111", "v5": "222", "v6": "333"},
host: "aaa.bbb.ccc",
path: "/111/222/333",
shouldMatch: false,
},
}
for _, test := range tests {
testRoute(t, test)
}
}
func TestHeaders(t *testing.T) {
// newRequestHeaders creates a new request with a method, url, and headers
newRequestHeaders := func(method, url string, headers map[string]string) *http.Request {
req, err := http.NewRequest(method, url, nil)
if err != nil {
panic(err)
}
for k, v := range headers {
req.Header.Add(k, v)
}
return req
}
tests := []routeTest{
{
title: "Headers route, match",
route: new(Route).Headers("foo", "bar", "baz", "ding"),
request: newRequestHeaders("GET", "http://localhost", map[string]string{"foo": "bar", "baz": "ding"}),
vars: map[string]string{},
host: "",
path: "",
shouldMatch: true,
},
{
title: "Headers route, bad header values",
route: new(Route).Headers("foo", "bar", "baz", "ding"),
request: newRequestHeaders("GET", "http://localhost", map[string]string{"foo": "bar", "baz": "dong"}),
vars: map[string]string{},
host: "",
path: "",
shouldMatch: false,
},
}
for _, test := range tests {
testRoute(t, test)
}
}
func TestMethods(t *testing.T) {
tests := []routeTest{
{
title: "Methods route, match GET",
route: new(Route).Methods("GET", "POST"),
request: newRequest("GET", "http://localhost"),
vars: map[string]string{},
host: "",
path: "",
shouldMatch: true,
},
{
title: "Methods route, match POST",
route: new(Route).Methods("GET", "POST"),
request: newRequest("POST", "http://localhost"),
vars: map[string]string{},
host: "",
path: "",
shouldMatch: true,
},
{
title: "Methods route, bad method",
route: new(Route).Methods("GET", "POST"),
request: newRequest("PUT", "http://localhost"),
vars: map[string]string{},
host: "",
path: "",
shouldMatch: false,
},
}
for _, test := range tests {
testRoute(t, test)
}
}
func TestQueries(t *testing.T) {
tests := []routeTest{
{
title: "Queries route, match",
route: new(Route).Queries("foo", "bar", "baz", "ding"),
request: newRequest("GET", "http://localhost?foo=bar&baz=ding"),
vars: map[string]string{},
host: "",
path: "",
shouldMatch: true,
},
{
title: "Queries route, match with a query string",
route: new(Route).Host("www.example.com").Path("/api").Queries("foo", "bar", "baz", "ding"),
request: newRequest("GET", "http://www.example.com/api?foo=bar&baz=ding"),
vars: map[string]string{},
host: "",
path: "",
shouldMatch: true,
},
{
title: "Queries route, bad query",
route: new(Route).Queries("foo", "bar", "baz", "ding"),
request: newRequest("GET", "http://localhost?foo=bar&baz=dong"),
vars: map[string]string{},
host: "",
path: "",
shouldMatch: false,
},
}
for _, test := range tests {
testRoute(t, test)
}
}
func TestSchemes(t *testing.T) {
tests := []routeTest{
// Schemes
{
title: "Schemes route, match https",
route: new(Route).Schemes("https", "ftp"),
request: newRequest("GET", "https://localhost"),
vars: map[string]string{},
host: "",
path: "",
shouldMatch: true,
},
{
title: "Schemes route, match ftp",
route: new(Route).Schemes("https", "ftp"),
request: newRequest("GET", "ftp://localhost"),
vars: map[string]string{},
host: "",
path: "",
shouldMatch: true,
},
{
title: "Schemes route, bad scheme",
route: new(Route).Schemes("https", "ftp"),
request: newRequest("GET", "http://localhost"),
vars: map[string]string{},
host: "",
path: "",
shouldMatch: false,
},
}
for _, test := range tests {
testRoute(t, test)
}
}
func TestMatcherFunc(t *testing.T) {
m := func(r *http.Request, m *RouteMatch) bool {
if r.URL.Host == "aaa.bbb.ccc" {
return true
}
return false
}
tests := []routeTest{
{
title: "MatchFunc route, match",
route: new(Route).MatcherFunc(m),
request: newRequest("GET", "http://aaa.bbb.ccc"),
vars: map[string]string{},
host: "",
path: "",
shouldMatch: true,
},
{
title: "MatchFunc route, non-match",
route: new(Route).MatcherFunc(m),
request: newRequest("GET", "http://aaa.222.ccc"),
vars: map[string]string{},
host: "",
path: "",
shouldMatch: false,
},
}
for _, test := range tests {
testRoute(t, test)
}
}
func TestSubRouter(t *testing.T) {
subrouter1 := new(Route).Host("{v1:[a-z]+}.google.com").Subrouter()
subrouter2 := new(Route).PathPrefix("/foo/{v1}").Subrouter()
tests := []routeTest{
{
route: subrouter1.Path("/{v2:[a-z]+}"),
request: newRequest("GET", "http://aaa.google.com/bbb"),
vars: map[string]string{"v1": "aaa", "v2": "bbb"},
host: "aaa.google.com",
path: "/bbb",
shouldMatch: true,
},
{
route: subrouter1.Path("/{v2:[a-z]+}"),
request: newRequest("GET", "http://111.google.com/111"),
vars: map[string]string{"v1": "aaa", "v2": "bbb"},
host: "aaa.google.com",
path: "/bbb",
shouldMatch: false,
},
{
route: subrouter2.Path("/baz/{v2}"),
request: newRequest("GET", "http://localhost/foo/bar/baz/ding"),
vars: map[string]string{"v1": "bar", "v2": "ding"},
host: "",
path: "/foo/bar/baz/ding",
shouldMatch: true,
},
{
route: subrouter2.Path("/baz/{v2}"),
request: newRequest("GET", "http://localhost/foo/bar"),
vars: map[string]string{"v1": "bar", "v2": "ding"},
host: "",
path: "/foo/bar/baz/ding",
shouldMatch: false,
},
}
for _, test := range tests {
testRoute(t, test)
}
}
func TestNamedRoutes(t *testing.T) {
r1 := NewRouter()
r1.NewRoute().Name("a")
r1.NewRoute().Name("b")
r1.NewRoute().Name("c")
r2 := r1.NewRoute().Subrouter()
r2.NewRoute().Name("d")
r2.NewRoute().Name("e")
r2.NewRoute().Name("f")
r3 := r2.NewRoute().Subrouter()
r3.NewRoute().Name("g")
r3.NewRoute().Name("h")
r3.NewRoute().Name("i")
if r1.namedRoutes == nil || len(r1.namedRoutes) != 9 {
t.Errorf("Expected 9 named routes, got %v", r1.namedRoutes)
} else if r1.Get("i") == nil {
t.Errorf("Subroute name not registered")
}
}
func TestStrictSlash(t *testing.T) {
var r *Router
var req *http.Request
var route *Route
var match *RouteMatch
var matched bool
// StrictSlash should be ignored for path prefix.
// So we register a route ending in slash but it doesn't attempt to add
// the slash for a path not ending in slash.
r = NewRouter()
r.StrictSlash(true)
route = r.NewRoute().PathPrefix("/static/")
req, _ = http.NewRequest("GET", "http://localhost/static/logo.png", nil)
match = new(RouteMatch)
matched = r.Match(req, match)
if !matched {
t.Errorf("Should match request %q -- %v", req.URL.Path, getRouteTemplate(route))
}
if match.Handler != nil {
t.Errorf("Should not redirect")
}
}
// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Helpers
// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
func getRouteTemplate(route *Route) string {
host, path := "none", "none"
if route.regexp != nil {
if route.regexp.host != nil {
host = route.regexp.host.template
}
if route.regexp.path != nil {
path = route.regexp.path.template
}
}
return fmt.Sprintf("Host: %v, Path: %v", host, path)
}
func testRoute(t *testing.T, test routeTest) {
request := test.request
route := test.route
vars := test.vars
shouldMatch := test.shouldMatch
host := test.host
path := test.path
url := test.host + test.path
var match RouteMatch
ok := route.Match(request, &match)
if ok != shouldMatch {
msg := "Should match"
if !shouldMatch {
msg = "Should not match"
}
t.Errorf("(%v) %v:\nRoute: %#v\nRequest: %#v\nVars: %v\n", test.title, msg, route, request, vars)
return
}
if shouldMatch {
if test.vars != nil && !stringMapEqual(test.vars, match.Vars) {
t.Errorf("(%v) Vars not equal: expected %v, got %v", test.title, vars, match.Vars)
return
}
if host != "" {
u, _ := test.route.URLHost(mapToPairs(match.Vars)...)
if host != u.Host {
t.Errorf("(%v) URLHost not equal: expected %v, got %v -- %v", test.title, host, u.Host, getRouteTemplate(route))
return
}
}
if path != "" {
u, _ := route.URLPath(mapToPairs(match.Vars)...)
if path != u.Path {
t.Errorf("(%v) URLPath not equal: expected %v, got %v -- %v", test.title, path, u.Path, getRouteTemplate(route))
return
}
}
if url != "" {
u, _ := route.URL(mapToPairs(match.Vars)...)
if url != u.Host+u.Path {
t.Errorf("(%v) URL not equal: expected %v, got %v -- %v", test.title, url, u.Host+u.Path, getRouteTemplate(route))
return
}
}
}
}
// Tests that the context is cleared or not cleared properly depending on
// the configuration of the router
func TestKeepContext(t *testing.T) {
func1 := func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {}
r := NewRouter()
r.HandleFunc("/", func1).Name("func1")
req, _ := http.NewRequest("GET", "http://localhost/", nil)
context.Set(req, "t", 1)
res := new(http.ResponseWriter)
r.ServeHTTP(*res, req)
if _, ok := context.GetOk(req, "t"); ok {
t.Error("Context should have been cleared at end of request")
}
r.KeepContext = true
req, _ = http.NewRequest("GET", "http://localhost/", nil)
context.Set(req, "t", 1)
r.ServeHTTP(*res, req)
if _, ok := context.GetOk(req, "t"); !ok {
t.Error("Context should NOT have been cleared at end of request")
}
}
type TestA301ResponseWriter struct {
hh http.Header
status int
}
func (ho TestA301ResponseWriter) Header() http.Header {
return http.Header(ho.hh)
}
func (ho TestA301ResponseWriter) Write(b []byte) (int, error) {
return 0, nil
}
func (ho TestA301ResponseWriter) WriteHeader(code int) {
ho.status = code
}
func Test301Redirect(t *testing.T) {
m := make(http.Header)
func1 := func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {}
func2 := func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {}
r := NewRouter()
r.HandleFunc("/api/", func2).Name("func2")
r.HandleFunc("/", func1).Name("func1")
req, _ := http.NewRequest("GET", "http://localhost//api/?abc=def", nil)
res := TestA301ResponseWriter{
hh: m,
status: 0,
}
r.ServeHTTP(&res, req)
if "http://localhost/api/?abc=def" != res.hh["Location"][0] {
t.Errorf("Should have complete URL with query string")
}
}
// https://plus.google.com/101022900381697718949/posts/eWy6DjFJ6uW
func TestSubrouterHeader(t *testing.T) {
expected := "func1 response"
func1 := func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
fmt.Fprint(w, expected)
}
func2 := func(http.ResponseWriter, *http.Request) {}
r := NewRouter()
s := r.Headers("SomeSpecialHeader", "").Subrouter()
s.HandleFunc("/", func1).Name("func1")
r.HandleFunc("/", func2).Name("func2")
req, _ := http.NewRequest("GET", "http://localhost/", nil)
req.Header.Add("SomeSpecialHeader", "foo")
match := new(RouteMatch)
matched := r.Match(req, match)
if !matched {
t.Errorf("Should match request")
}
if match.Route.GetName() != "func1" {
t.Errorf("Expecting func1 handler, got %s", match.Route.GetName())
}
resp := NewRecorder()
match.Handler.ServeHTTP(resp, req)
if resp.Body.String() != expected {
t.Errorf("Expecting %q", expected)
}
}
// mapToPairs converts a string map to a slice of string pairs
func mapToPairs(m map[string]string) []string {
var i int
p := make([]string, len(m)*2)
for k, v := range m {
p[i] = k
p[i+1] = v
i += 2
}
return p
}
// stringMapEqual checks the equality of two string maps
func stringMapEqual(m1, m2 map[string]string) bool {
nil1 := m1 == nil
nil2 := m2 == nil
if nil1 != nil2 || len(m1) != len(m2) {
return false
}
for k, v := range m1 {
if v != m2[k] {
return false
}
}
return true
}
// newRequest is a helper function to create a new request with a method and url
func newRequest(method, url string) *http.Request {
req, err := http.NewRequest(method, url, nil)
if err != nil {
panic(err)
}
return req
}